The east african slave trade, historical association of. The transatlantic slave trade was brought to an end in the mid 1800s, at a time, eltis claims, when slaves were fetching record prices suggesting that its demise was influenced by moral considerations. Slavery and the slave trades in the indian ocean and arab. The arab slave trade is the intersection of slavery and trade surrounding the arab world and indian ocean, mainly in western and central asia, northern and. Pdf the economic, political, and social impact of the atlantic. He finds that the slave trade, which occurred over a period of more than 400 years, had a significant negative effect on longterm economic development. The sahara was a strong geographical barrier against gene flow, at least since 5,000 years ago, when desertification affected a larger region, but the arab transsaharan slave trade could have facilitate enormously this. Growing trade between the muslim nations in the persian gulf and north of the sahara desert contributed to the spread of islam to other areas of africa, particularly the subsaharan region. In parts of africa, plantation agriculture using slave labor was also practiced. The arab slave trade involved some of the most horrendous atrocities known against africans.
The arab slave trade in africa began with a peace deal between sudanese and arabs in 652. The arab slave trade allowed more upward mobility than the european slave trade upward mobility within the ranks of arab slaves was not rare. It constitutes one of the first forms of globalization. Publication date 1989 topics slavery, slave trade, slavery and islam. This file is licensed under the creative commons attributionshare alike 3. Trade routes throughout much of africa became dominated by arab traders long before the arrival of the portuguese and other europeans klein 56. Jul 27, 2012 malawi was an important and crucial area of operations for arab slave traders as it provided a slave trade route to the east coast but the incursions of slaving took a heavy toll on the inhabitants. Although the atlantic slave trade was the shortest in duration, it was the largest and. Thomas vernet to cite this version hal archive ouverte.
Malawi was an important and crucial area of operations for arab slave traders as it provided a slave trade route to the east coast but the incursions of slaving took a heavy toll on the inhabitants. Slaves were widely used as domestic servants, and slave ownership was a sign of prestige in some african cultures. I think the risks during transportation and everyday labor in plantations were maybe worse in the european colonies in the americas. People traded were not limited to a certain race, ethnicity, or religion. Arab traders began to settle among the africans of the coast, resulting in the emergence of a people and culture known as swahili. Islamic slave trade, arab slave trade, ottoman slave trade or the eastern slave trade.
Slavery has historically been widespread in africa, and still continues today in some countries. But with entrance of the yao tribes which have said to come from the mozambique and east africa into the southern part of present day malawi they. Two notable exceptions exist to the history of silence surrounding the indian ocean slave trade. The arab slave trade typically dealt in the sale of castrated male slaves. In the second half of the 18th century, the slave trade expanded. A companion volume to the black diaspora, this groundbreaking work tells the fascinating and horrifying story of the islamic slave trade. Systems of servitude and slavery were common in parts of africa.
Bondsmen and freedmen in the ports and at sea of the indian ocean world, c. European slave traders, arab slave traders, african slave traders, tribal chiefs, american. Slave trade and slavery on the swahili coast, 15001750 41 arab traders captured zanj to enslave them, but generally speaking, medieval geographers rarely mentioned the slave trade on the swahili coast, although they often did so for other regions, particularly western africa. Arab slave trade ushered in the european slave trade. This all happened openly and legally as recently 1962. Guide the discussion to include the following groups. The portuguese on the swahili coast profited directly and were. Arab slave trade simple english wikipedia, the free. The modern muslim mind is essentially in denial when it is asked to reflect on the muslim worlds long and deep connections with slavery and slave.
European colonization and the african slave trade import smallpox into the caribbean and central and south america. Agricultural labor was extremely tiresome and risky, though working as a slave soldier mustve been no walk in the. Were muslimsarabs the biggest slave traders in all of. Black boys between the age of 8 and 12 had their scrotums and penises completely amputated to prevent them from reproducing. The arab slave trade was the practice of slavery in the arab world, mainly in western asia, north africa, east africa, and certain parts of europe such as iberia and sicily during their period of domination by arab leaders. Slave trade and slavery on the swahili coast 15001750 halshs. Slavery and the slave trades in the indian ocean and arab worlds. The practice of slavery continued in many countries illegally into the 21st century. For the purposes of this lesson, it will be referred to as the eastern slave trade. Tariq ibn ziyad who conquered spain and whom gibraltar was named after was a slave of the emir of ifriqiya, musa bin nusayr, who gave him his freedom and appointed him a general in his army. Catherines monastery, that was written by my late wife, shirley winnifred madany, nee dann 19242008. The 19th century islamic slave trade from east africa swahili and. The coordination of the slave route project the slave route printed in unesco clt2006ws08 cld 25450. This four century long tragedy has been one of the greatest dehumanizing enterprises in human history.
Red sea slave trade in the nineteenth century, encyclopaedia aethiopica, ed. A prodigious number of slaves had been exported, contributing to the depopulation of east africa, and exceeding the transatlantic slave trade. Few historians, however, suggest that race did play a role in the arab slave trade. The the hidden history of arab slave trade of africans documentary historians estimate that between 10 and 18 million africans were enslaved by arab slave traders and taken across the red sea, indian ocean, and sahara desert between 650 and 1900. This barter occurred chiefly between the medieval era and the early 20th century. Another article she wrote in the 1990s, dealt with the subject of slavery in. New opportunities of exploitation were provided by the transatlantic slave trade and this sent arab slavers into overdrive. Ask students in small groups to make a list of the groups that played a role in the slave trade. Nc civic education consortium database of k12 resources. Arab slave trade inspired arab racism toward blacks. Over several centuries countless east africans were sold as slaves by muslim arabs to the middle east and other places via the sahara desert. The spread and eradication of smallpox smallpox cdc. Smallscale slave trading may well have begun at this time. This is mainly in western asia, north africa, southeast africa, the horn of africa.
Slave trade documents by john barbot 1732 historywiz primary source john barbot, an agent for the french royal african company, made at leasttwo voyages to the west coast of africa, in 1678 and 1682. Its important to note that arab is not a racial classification. The establishment of the swahilis in east africa helped spread african slavery, which also included. The slave trade across the sahara the transsaharan. In parts of africa, plantation agriculture using slave. The slave trade compromise stopped slave imports after 1807 encouraging slave breeding within the. In east africa a slave trade was well established before the europeans arrived on the scene. After a few minutes of brainstorming, ask for the students responses. Since islam allows for slavery and slave trading, he was able to see much of the real world of islamic slavery. Slavery remained legal in the islamic world until 1970. African slaves in the arab world posted gmt 1032006 14. Slavery has existed throughout the world since ancient times, and trading in slaves has been equally universal. Arab muslims sought slaves for the middle east or to work on clove farms. Whereas the atlantic slave trade has been mapped out in detail in numerous studies, its indian ocean counterpart has remained largely uncharted territory.
Pdf certain proponents of slavery in the islamic world assert that slaves exported from east africa to the arabian peninsula or areas under. The longterm effects of africas slave trades center for effective. When the white european started the slave trade from. Although the article arguably identifies a negative causal relationship between the slave trade and income today, the analysis is unable to establish the exact causal. The prominence of arabs and muslims grew with the increase in trade and many arab communities were considered. Arab slave trade refers to the practice of slavery in the arab world. During april, 2016, i posted an article on the treasures of st. Oct 21, 20 david livingstones first book, missionary travels and researches in south africa, published in 1857, was a huge success, not only because of the harrowing adventures it related but because it alerted the british public to the existence of the arab slave trade flourishing along africas east coast. Brazilian authorities began arresting slave ships at the end of 1850, and in 1867 the last slaving expedition to cuba took place. The trade was focused on the slave markets of the middle east, north africa and the horn of africa.
I find a robust negative relationship between the number of slaves exported from each country and subsequent economic performance. David livingstones first book, missionary travels and researches in south africa, published in 1857, was a huge success, not only because of the harrowing adventures it related but because it alerted the british public to the existence of the arab slave trade flourishing along africas east coast. The arab slave trade in the 19th century was economically tied to the european trade of africans. The egyptians have another word for what was lower nubia, or northern nubia. A comprehensive study of the eastern slave trade by an eminent british scholar. The largest and most studied of the slave trades is the transatlantic trade slave trade, where beginning in the. The trade was conducted through slave markets in these areas, with the slaves captured mostly from africas interior.
It also includes parts of europe such as iberia and sicily beginning during the era of the muslim conquests and continuing into the 20th century. Slave trade documents historywiz primary source africa. The slave trade across the sahara the transsaharan slave trade. Transsaharan slave trade history of world civilization ii. The resultant slavery system, an economic and commercial type of venture organization, linked. Nairobi, 1967, and half a dozen other titles suggested therein for. A proportion of 14 to 12 of north african female pool is made of typical subsaharan lineages, in higher frequencies as geographic proximity to subsaharan africa increases. If playback doesnt begin shortly, try restarting your device. Which slave trade was worse, the european or arabic. The silence about black slavery in the arab world david. Slavery and the slave trade in north africa after the arab conquest of the north african provinces of the east roman empire in.
But in general it came to mean the area which is the sudan, the area. The trade was conducted through slave markets in the middle east, north africa and the. Pdf the transatlantic slave trade radically impaired africas potential to develop economically and maintain its social and political stability. Jun 18, 2008 permission is granted to copy, distribute andor modify this document under the terms of the gnu free documentation license, version 1. Slavery, slave trade, slavery and islam publisher new york.
The transsaharan slave trade clues from interpolation. Black communities in arab speaking countries outside of africa are virtually inexistent due to the fact that most died in barbaric conditions. While slavery in the united states before 1865 is better known and perhaps more discussed, the arab. The arab trade of zanj bantu slaves in east africa is one of the oldest slave trades, predating the european transatlantic slave trade by 700 years. The arab slave trade is the intersection of slavery and trade surrounding the arab world and indian ocean, mainly in western and central asia, northern and eastern africa, india, and europe. Specifically it was an area that was from the second cataract rocky formations along the nile. The slave trade and the origins of mistrust in africa. Videos you watch may be added to the tvs watch history and influence tv recommendations. Arab slave trade was the practice of slavery in the arab world, mainly in western asia, north africa, southeast africa, the horn of africa and certain parts of europe such as iberia and sicily beginning during the era of the muslim conquests and continuing into the early second half of the 20th century. It was driven by the sultanates of the middle east. Pdf the african diaspora within africa and the impact of slavery. The slave trade across the sahara the transsaharan slave. Enslaved persons were taken from the slavs and iranians from antiquity to the 19th century, from the subsaharan africans from the 1st century ce to the mid20th century, and from the germanic, celtic, and romance.
The the hidden history of arab slave trade of africans. For abdulazizi lodhi, emeritus professor of swahili and african linguistics at the. The arab muslim slave trade of africans, the untold story. David livingstone and the other slave trade, part ii. The development of a coastal muslim kiswahilispeaking society and its slave trade in the interior will be considered below. In the slave trade today, on sean ocallaghan toured the mideast and africa and covertly visited many slave markets.
The arabs treatment of black africans can aptly be termed an african holocaust. The word cush is an egyptian word, which was borrowed into hebrew to designate the area south of egypt. Islams black slaves documents a centuriesold institution that still survives, and traces the business of slavery and its repercussions from islams inception in the seventh. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in. Slave trade, the capturing, selling, and buying of enslaved persons. Arabs killed more africans in transit, especially when crossing the sahara desert, than europeans and americans, and over more centuries, both before and after t. Slavery, abolition, and the modern muslim mind bernard k.